By Selwyn Duke

When Americans hear the word “slavery,” they generally think of the U.S. variety formally made illegal in 1865. But a type of slavery that has been practiced for 13 centuries straight — continuing to this day — is largely ignored, complains Senegalese academic Tidiane N’Diaye.

Professor N’Diaye, a black Muslim anthropologist and specialist in African civilizations, points out that Arab-Muslim enslavement has affected far more individuals than did the transatlantic slave trade, 17 million vs. 6 to 11 million, respectively. It also has been more brutal.

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